EORI Number

An EORI Number is a unique 17-digit identifier issued by Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs (HMRC) to any business importing or exporting goods into or from the UK. Since the UK's exit from the EU on 31 December 2020, EORI Numbers became mandatory for all customs declarations. Whether you're a courier company, freight forwarder, or logistics business shipping internationally, obtaining and maintaining an EORI Number is critical for compliance and smooth cross-border operations.

What is EORI Number?

EORI stands for Economic Operator Registration Identification. It is a registration number allocated by HMRC to identify traders and businesses engaged in customs procedures. The UK EORI format begins with 'GB' followed by 15 digits (for example, GB123456789012345). Every business moving goods across UK borders—whether importing, exporting, or acting as a customs agent—must register for an EORI Number.

This identifier simplifies customs processing by providing a standardised way for HMRC and other authorities to track and verify traders. It is linked to your business's Unique Taxpayer Reference (UTR) or VAT registration number.

How EORI Number works in UK logistics

In UK logistics and courier operations, the EORI Number is embedded in customs declarations submitted electronically via CHIEF (Customs Handling of Import and Export Freight) or the newer CDS (Customs Declaration Service). When a shipment crosses the UK border, the EORI Number is cited in the declaration so HMRC can verify the trader's compliance status and tax records.

For same-day courier companies and logistics providers handling international shipments—such as AOG aviation support, pharmaceutical cold chain, or hazardous goods—the EORI Number is essential. It appears on commercial invoices, air waybills, and shipping documentation. HMRC uses EORI Numbers to flag high-risk traders, monitor tariff classifications, and manage duty payments.

When you need EORI Number

You must register for an EORI Number if your business:

• Imports goods into the UK from outside the UK
• Exports goods from the UK
• Acts as a customs agent, freight forwarder, or logistics provider handling international shipments
• Operates a bonded warehouse or special procedure store
• Handles goods subject to excise duty

Sole traders, partnerships, and limited companies (registered at Companies House or otherwise) all need EORI registration. The process is free and takes 5–10 working days via HMRC's online application portal.

Common questions about EORI Number

Do I need a new EORI Number post-Brexit? Yes. If you held an EU EORI before 31 December 2020, you must register for a new GB EORI with HMRC.

Can I trade without an EORI Number? No. HMRC will not process customs declarations without a valid EORI Number. Goods will be held at the border.

Is EORI the same as VAT registration? No. EORI and VAT registration are separate. However, HMRC links them for compliance purposes. You may need both if you trade internationally and charge VAT.

For UK logistics businesses requiring support with cross-border shipments, AOG support, or cold chain pharmaceuticals, understanding EORI requirements is crucial. T&C Logistics handles international logistics with full customs compliance. If you need guidance on EORI registration or have questions about international shipping, contact our team via our online quote form or call +44 7963 400173 (06:00–17:00).